S.I.F. Study is fun

Our Objective Our objective is to study the shift of equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing the concentration of either of them.  Theory Let's see how chemical equilibria behave when concentration changes. Many chemical reactions involve a state of equilibrium. Equilibrium is said to be dynamic when the rate of forward reaction become equal to that of the backward reaction. Consider a general reversible reaction;   With the passage of time, there is a depletion of the reactants A and B and an accumulation of the products C and D. As a result, the rate of forward reaction decreases and that of backward reaction increases. Eventually, the two reactions occur at the same rate and the system reaches a state of equilibrium.  Let us explain the 'Law of Chemical Equilibrium'   Norwegian chemists Cato Maxmillian Guldberg and Peter Waage proposed that for a chemical reaction;  The rate of reaction in either direction is proport

Our Objective Our objective is to determine the pH of the given sample using; pH paper  Universal indicator The Theory There are millions of chemical substances in the world, some are acids, others are bases and some are neutral.   Acids and Bases Acids are  substances that produce free hydrogen ions (H +  ions) when dissolved in water.   Bases are substances that produce hydroxyl ions (OH -  ions) when dissolved in water. Acidic solutions are rich in hydrogen ions and basic solutions are poor in hydrogen ions. Some acids dissociate only partly, releasing very small amounts of H +  ions, and are called weak acids. Others dissociate completely, releasing large amounts of H +  ions, and are called strong acids. In the same way, bases that dissociate partly are called weak bases and those that dissociate completely are called strong bases. pH of a Solution The acidic or basic property of substances is measured in terms of pH. It is a measurement of the hydrogen ion c

Young's Modulus Our Objective Our aim is to determine the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire using Searle’s apparatus. The Theory Before we move ahead, do you know what a Searle’s apparatus is? Searle’s apparatus consists of two metal frames F1 and F2. Each frame has a torsion head at the upper side and a hook at the lower side. These frames are suspended from two wires AB and CD of same material, length and cross-section. The upper ends of the wires are screwed tightly in two torsion heads fixed in the same rigid support. A spirit level rests horizontally with  one end hinged in the frame F2. The other end of the spirit level rests on the tip of a spherometer screw, fitted in the frame F1. The spherometer screw can be rotated up and down along a vertical pitch scale marked in millimeters. The two frames are kept together by cross bars E1 and E2.  Do you know Searle’s apparatus works on the principle of Hooke’s law?  Hooke’s law can be e